284 research outputs found
Significant ophthalmoarthropathy associated with ectodermal dysplasia in a child with Marshall-Stickler overlap: a case report
© 2008 Al Kaissi et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Licens
Production of phi mesons at mid-rapidity in sqrt(s_NN) = 200 GeV Au+Au collisions at RHIC
We present the first results of meson production in the K^+K^- decay channel
from Au+Au collisions at sqrt(s_NN) = 200 GeV as measured at mid-rapidity by
the PHENIX detector at RHIC. Precision resonance centroid and width values are
extracted as a function of collision centrality. No significant variation from
the PDG accepted values is observed. The transverse mass spectra are fitted
with a linear exponential function for which the derived inverse slope
parameter is seen to be constant as a function of centrality. These data are
also fitted by a hydrodynamic model with the result that the freeze-out
temperature and the expansion velocity values are consistent with the values
previously derived from fitting single hadron inclusive data. As a function of
transverse momentum the collisions scaled peripheral.to.central yield ratio RCP
for the is comparable to that of pions rather than that of protons. This result
lends support to theoretical models which distinguish between baryons and
mesons instead of particle mass for explaining the anomalous proton yield.Comment: 326 authors, 24 pages text, 23 figures, 6 tables, RevTeX 4. To be
submitted to Physical Review C as a regular article. Plain text data tables
for the points plotted in figures for this and previous PHENIX publications
are (or will be) publicly available at http://www.phenix.bnl.gov/papers.htm
Decision Agriculture
In this chapter, the latest developments in the field of decision agriculture are discussed. The practice of management zones in digital agriculture is described for efficient and smart faming. Accordingly, the methodology for delineating management zones is presented. Modeling of decision support systems is explained along with discussion of the issues and challenges in this area. Moreover, the precision agriculture technology is also considered. Moreover, the chapter surveys the state of the decision agriculture technologies in the countries such as Bulgaria, Denmark, France, Israel, Malaysia, Pakistan, United Kingdom, Ukraine, and Sweden. Finally, different field factors such as GPS accuracy and crop growth are also analyzed
IGFBP3 Colocalizes with and Regulates Hypocretin (Orexin)
Background: The sleep disorder narcolepsy is caused by a vast reduction in neurons producing the hypocretin (orexin) neuropeptides. Based on the tight association with HLA, narcolepsy is believed to result from an autoimmune attack, but the cause of hypocretin cell loss is still unknown. We performed gene expression profiling in the hypothalamus to identify novel genes dysregulated in narcolepsy, as these may be the target of autoimmune attack or modulate hypocretin gene expression. Methodology/Principal Findings: We used microarrays to compare the transcriptome in the posterior hypothalamus of (1) narcoleptic versus control postmortem human brains and (2) transgenic mice lacking hypocretin neurons versus wild type mice. Hypocretin was the most downregulated gene in human narcolepsy brains. Among many additional candidates, only one, insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3 (IGFBP3), was downregulated in both human and mouse models and coexpressed in hypocretin neurons. Functional analysis indicated decreased hypocretin messenger RNA and peptide content, and increased sleep in transgenic mice overexpressing human IGFBP3, an effect possibly mediated through decrease
Circuit-based interrogation of sleep control.
Sleep is a fundamental biological process observed widely in the animal kingdom, but the neural circuits generating sleep remain poorly understood. Understanding the brain mechanisms controlling sleep requires the identification of key neurons in the control circuits and mapping of their synaptic connections. Technical innovations over the past decade have greatly facilitated dissection of the sleep circuits. This has set the stage for understanding how a variety of environmental and physiological factors influence sleep. The ability to initiate and terminate sleep on command will also help us to elucidate its functions within and beyond the brain
Matrilineal behavioral and physiological changes following the death of a non-alpha matriarch in rhesus macaque
In many species, the loss of alpha matriarchs is associated with a number of negative outcomes such as troop fission, eviction, wounding, and reduced vitality. However, whether
the dramatic consequences of their loss are due to their role as an old experienced figure or
to their alpha status remains unclear. In a retrospective study, we tested that in a semi-free
ranging colony of rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta), the removal of a non-alpha matriarch, who had a large set of kin, led to changes in behavior and physiological stress within
her matriline. Following her removal, her matriline increased in aggression, vigilance, and
social grooming. Additionally, hierarchical stability, measured by levels of rank changes,
decreased within her matriline, and levels of intense aggression by high-ranking animals
were more frequent, as well as matrilineal wounding. Although ordinal rank was positively
associated with higher chronic hair cortisol concentrations (HCCs) in the months before the
matriarch’s removal, following her removal, only those who experienced large increases in
rank within her matriline displayed higher HCCs. Changes in matrilineal stability, aggression, behavior, and HCCs within the other two matrilines in the troop were not evident,
although caution is needed due to the small sample sizes. We conclude that the removal of
the non-alpha matriarch led to matrilineal instability, characterized by higher levels of
aggression and subsequent vigilance, rank changes, physiological stress, and grooming.
We suggest that non-alpha matriarchs with a large number of kin and social support can be
integral to the stability of matrilines.Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, 1ZIAHD001107- 3
The Near-Infrared Spectrograph (NIRSpec) on the James Webb Space Telescope: I. Overview of the instrument and its capabilities
We provide an overview of the design and capabilities of the near-infrared
spectrograph (NIRSpec) onboard the James Webb Space Telescope. NIRSpec is
designed to be capable of carrying out low-resolution () prism
spectroscopy over the wavelength range m and higher resolution
( or ) grating spectroscopy over
m, both in single-object mode employing any one of five fixed
slits, or a 3.13.2 arcsec integral field unit, or in multiobject
mode employing a novel programmable micro-shutter device covering a
3.63.4~arcmin field of view. The all-reflective optical chain of
NIRSpec and the performance of its different components are described, and some
of the trade-offs made in designing the instrument are touched upon. The
faint-end spectrophotometric sensitivity expected of NIRSpec, as well as its
dependency on the energetic particle environment that its two detector arrays
are likely to be subjected to in orbit are also discussed
Recommended from our members
The Near-Infrared Spectrograph (NIRSpec) on the James Webb Space Telescope: I. Overview of the instrument and its capabilities
We provide an overview of the design and capabilities of the near-infrared
spectrograph (NIRSpec) onboard the James Webb Space Telescope. NIRSpec is
designed to be capable of carrying out low-resolution () prism
spectroscopy over the wavelength range m and higher resolution
( or ) grating spectroscopy over
m, both in single-object mode employing any one of five fixed
slits, or a 3.13.2 arcsec integral field unit, or in multiobject
mode employing a novel programmable micro-shutter device covering a
3.63.4~arcmin field of view. The all-reflective optical chain of
NIRSpec and the performance of its different components are described, and some
of the trade-offs made in designing the instrument are touched upon. The
faint-end spectrophotometric sensitivity expected of NIRSpec, as well as its
dependency on the energetic particle environment that its two detector arrays
are likely to be subjected to in orbit are also discussed
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